To explore elementary school teachers’ views on the components of educational supervision and guidance (ES&G) and its relationship to diligence, a cluster sample of 269 such teachers from among 873 of them in Tabriz was selected randomly and given two questionnaires on components of ES&G and on diligence. Another questionnaire was used in interviewing a number of the said teachers on the components of ES&G, to the point of data saturation. The instruments used were considered to be adequately valid and reliable. Data analyses revealed 9 factors as components of ES&G which were ordered in importance by the teachers as follow: educational guidance, appreciation of efforts, clarification, equipment, and emphasis on motivation, paying attention to individual differences, emphasis on mechanical processes, emphasis on cooperation, and emphasis on friendly communications. Some of these factors directly and some indirectly were predictive of diligence through motivation and cooperation components.